With considering the importance of the information along with the stocks bulks order of companies are presented in the Tehran Stock Exchange, We analyze the stock price effects of bulk order announcement published publicly in Tehran Stock Exchange over the period years1394–1396. We use an event study model to show the significant impact of bulk order announcement published publicly on the share prices changes then we observe that cumulative returns being very high around the announcement published day for Tehran Stock Exchange companies. Bulk order announcement has significant positive cumulative abnormal returns, indicating that Bulk order on average increases firm value. Next, we regress cumulative average abnormal returns of different Event windows on dummy variables to show that positive cumulative abnormal returns created under the effect of the bulk order. Finally, we conclude that bulk order announcement information leakage before event day on average cause positive abnormal returns for insider.

In order to have a fair market condition, it is crucial that regulators continuously monitor the stock market for possible fraud and market manipulation. There are many types of fraudulent activities defined in this context. In our paper we will be focusing on "Front running". According to Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, Front running is a form of insider information and thus is very difficult to detect. Front running is committed by brokerage firm employees when they are informed of a customer's large transaction request that could potentially change the price by a substantial amount. The fraudster then places his own order before that of the customer to enjoy the low price. Once the customer's order is placed and the prices are increased he will sell his shares and makes profit. Detecting Front running requires not only statistical analysis, but also domain knowledge and filtering. For example, the authors learned from Tehran's Over The Counter (OTC) stock exchange officials that fraudsters may use cover-up accounts to hide their identity. Or they could delay selling their shares to avoid suspicion. Before being able to present the case to a prosecutor, the analyst needs to determine whether predication exists. Only then, can he start testing and interpreting the collected data. Due to large volume of daily trades, the analyst needs to rely on computer algorithms to reduce the suspicious list. One way to do this is by assigning a risk score to each transaction. In our work we build two filters that determine the risk of each transaction based on the amount of statistical abnormality. We use the Chebyshev inequality to determine anomalous transactions. In the first phase we focus on detecting a large transaction that changes market price significantly. We then look at transactions around it to find people who made profit as a consequence of that large transaction. We tested our method on two different stocks the data for which was kindly provided to us by Tehran Exchange Market. The officials confirmed we were able to detect the fraudster.

Penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) has a long track record of high success rates compared to other tissue and organ transplantations. Despite the immunologic privilege of the cornea, the issue of immunological rejection cannot be overlooked and endothelial rejection is observed in up to 20% of eyes undergoing PKP.1 Repeat keratoplasties after rejection are increasingly more prone to rejection and the potential for a clear cornea becomes progressively lower with subsequent PKPs. Prospective long-term graft survival studies have also revealed disappointing results with PKP, and it is now recognized that graft survival rates and endothelial cell counts continue to decrease for many years after PKP.

Asthma, which is mainly distinguished by airway inflammation and bronchial hyper-responsiveness, is known as one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. It also is the most frequent chronic respiratory disorder amongst all age groups. On one side of the asthma story, there are massive investment of time, effort and money, a large number of pharmaceutical and academic research studies, health service modifications and revised guidelines. On the other side, there are unacceptably high, but mostly preventable, morbidity and mortality rates, socio-economic burdens and psychological problems due to asthma. A considerable proportion of doctor’s workload, hospital resources, health utilization costs, days off from school and work are caused by asthma. Our knowledge about this disorder and its complications is still on demand. There are significant questions regarding asthma and its path physiology which should be answered. National, regional and local initiatives are needed to be established to help health systems to overcome socio-economic burdens due to this disease. These could only be done if a clear picture of this respiratory disorder and its management achievements are available. This review article is an approach to present an image about asthma and its management based on the current understandings of the nature of this disorder.